3.1479 \(\int \frac{x^8}{1-x^8} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=100 \[ -\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2}}-x+\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt{2} x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \]

[Out]

-x + ArcTan[x]/4 - ArcTan[1 - Sqrt[2]*x]/(4*Sqrt[2]) + ArcTan[1 + Sqrt[2]*x]/(4*
Sqrt[2]) + ArcTanh[x]/4 - Log[1 - Sqrt[2]*x + x^2]/(8*Sqrt[2]) + Log[1 + Sqrt[2]
*x + x^2]/(8*Sqrt[2])

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.1225, antiderivative size = 100, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 14, number of rules used = 11, integrand size = 13, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.846 \[ -\frac{\log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{8 \sqrt{2}}-x+\frac{1}{4} \tan ^{-1}(x)-\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt{2} x\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{\tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} x+1\right )}{4 \sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4} \tanh ^{-1}(x) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Int[x^8/(1 - x^8),x]

[Out]

-x + ArcTan[x]/4 - ArcTan[1 - Sqrt[2]*x]/(4*Sqrt[2]) + ArcTan[1 + Sqrt[2]*x]/(4*
Sqrt[2]) + ArcTanh[x]/4 - Log[1 - Sqrt[2]*x + x^2]/(8*Sqrt[2]) + Log[1 + Sqrt[2]
*x + x^2]/(8*Sqrt[2])

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Rubi in Sympy [A]  time = 17.7037, size = 85, normalized size = 0.85 \[ - x - \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left (x^{2} - \sqrt{2} x + 1 \right )}}{16} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \log{\left (x^{2} + \sqrt{2} x + 1 \right )}}{16} + \frac{\operatorname{atan}{\left (x \right )}}{4} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\sqrt{2} x - 1 \right )}}{8} + \frac{\sqrt{2} \operatorname{atan}{\left (\sqrt{2} x + 1 \right )}}{8} + \frac{\operatorname{atanh}{\left (x \right )}}{4} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  rubi_integrate(x**8/(-x**8+1),x)

[Out]

-x - sqrt(2)*log(x**2 - sqrt(2)*x + 1)/16 + sqrt(2)*log(x**2 + sqrt(2)*x + 1)/16
+ atan(x)/4 + sqrt(2)*atan(sqrt(2)*x - 1)/8 + sqrt(2)*atan(sqrt(2)*x + 1)/8 + a
tanh(x)/4

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Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0516753, size = 101, normalized size = 1.01 \[ \frac{1}{16} \left (-\sqrt{2} \log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2} x+1\right )+\sqrt{2} \log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2} x+1\right )-16 x-2 \log (1-x)+2 \log (x+1)+4 \tan ^{-1}(x)-2 \sqrt{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt{2} x\right )+2 \sqrt{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt{2} x+1\right )\right ) \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]  Integrate[x^8/(1 - x^8),x]

[Out]

(-16*x + 4*ArcTan[x] - 2*Sqrt[2]*ArcTan[1 - Sqrt[2]*x] + 2*Sqrt[2]*ArcTan[1 + Sq
rt[2]*x] - 2*Log[1 - x] + 2*Log[1 + x] - Sqrt[2]*Log[1 - Sqrt[2]*x + x^2] + Sqrt
[2]*Log[1 + Sqrt[2]*x + x^2])/16

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Maple [A]  time = 0.007, size = 77, normalized size = 0.8 \[ -x-{\frac{\ln \left ( -1+x \right ) }{8}}+{\frac{\ln \left ( 1+x \right ) }{8}}+{\frac{\arctan \left ( x \right ) }{4}}+{\frac{\arctan \left ( 1+x\sqrt{2} \right ) \sqrt{2}}{8}}+{\frac{\arctan \left ( x\sqrt{2}-1 \right ) \sqrt{2}}{8}}+{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{16}\ln \left ({\frac{1+{x}^{2}+x\sqrt{2}}{1+{x}^{2}-x\sqrt{2}}} \right ) } \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  int(x^8/(-x^8+1),x)

[Out]

-x-1/8*ln(-1+x)+1/8*ln(1+x)+1/4*arctan(x)+1/8*arctan(1+x*2^(1/2))*2^(1/2)+1/8*ar
ctan(x*2^(1/2)-1)*2^(1/2)+1/16*2^(1/2)*ln((1+x^2+x*2^(1/2))/(1+x^2-x*2^(1/2)))

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Maxima [A]  time = 1.59145, size = 123, normalized size = 1.23 \[ \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{2} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{2}{\left (2 \, x + \sqrt{2}\right )}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{2} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{2}{\left (2 \, x - \sqrt{2}\right )}\right ) + \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{2} \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt{2} x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{2} \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt{2} x + 1\right ) - x + \frac{1}{4} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \, \log \left (x - 1\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(-x^8/(x^8 - 1),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

1/8*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x + sqrt(2))) + 1/8*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)
*(2*x - sqrt(2))) + 1/16*sqrt(2)*log(x^2 + sqrt(2)*x + 1) - 1/16*sqrt(2)*log(x^2
- sqrt(2)*x + 1) - x + 1/4*arctan(x) + 1/8*log(x + 1) - 1/8*log(x - 1)

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Fricas [A]  time = 0.237907, size = 159, normalized size = 1.59 \[ -\frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{2}{\left (8 \, \sqrt{2} x - 2 \, \sqrt{2} \arctan \left (x\right ) - \sqrt{2} \log \left (x + 1\right ) + \sqrt{2} \log \left (x - 1\right ) + 4 \, \arctan \left (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} x + \sqrt{2} \sqrt{x^{2} + \sqrt{2} x + 1} + 1}\right ) + 4 \, \arctan \left (\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} x + \sqrt{2} \sqrt{x^{2} - \sqrt{2} x + 1} - 1}\right ) - \log \left (x^{2} + \sqrt{2} x + 1\right ) + \log \left (x^{2} - \sqrt{2} x + 1\right )\right )} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(-x^8/(x^8 - 1),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/16*sqrt(2)*(8*sqrt(2)*x - 2*sqrt(2)*arctan(x) - sqrt(2)*log(x + 1) + sqrt(2)*
log(x - 1) + 4*arctan(1/(sqrt(2)*x + sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^2 + sqrt(2)*x + 1) + 1)) + 4
*arctan(1/(sqrt(2)*x + sqrt(2)*sqrt(x^2 - sqrt(2)*x + 1) - 1)) - log(x^2 + sqrt(
2)*x + 1) + log(x^2 - sqrt(2)*x + 1))

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Sympy [F(-1)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \[ \text{Timed out} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(x**8/(-x**8+1),x)

[Out]

Timed out

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GIAC/XCAS [A]  time = 0.219697, size = 126, normalized size = 1.26 \[ \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{2} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{2}{\left (2 \, x + \sqrt{2}\right )}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{2} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{2}{\left (2 \, x - \sqrt{2}\right )}\right ) + \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{2}{\rm ln}\left (x^{2} + \sqrt{2} x + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{16} \, \sqrt{2}{\rm ln}\left (x^{2} - \sqrt{2} x + 1\right ) - x + \frac{1}{4} \, \arctan \left (x\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \,{\rm ln}\left ({\left | x + 1 \right |}\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \,{\rm ln}\left ({\left | x - 1 \right |}\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]  integrate(-x^8/(x^8 - 1),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

1/8*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)*(2*x + sqrt(2))) + 1/8*sqrt(2)*arctan(1/2*sqrt(2)
*(2*x - sqrt(2))) + 1/16*sqrt(2)*ln(x^2 + sqrt(2)*x + 1) - 1/16*sqrt(2)*ln(x^2 -
sqrt(2)*x + 1) - x + 1/4*arctan(x) + 1/8*ln(abs(x + 1)) - 1/8*ln(abs(x - 1))